Original research
Oncology
Original research relevant to this speciality, newest first.
- Navigation, reminders and automatic referral improve colonoscopy completion after a positive stool test
JAMA Internal Medicine
Systematic review/meta-analysis, 21 studies. Several practical interventions improved follow-up; effects varied across studies. - Contrast-enhanced ultrasound improves the yield and safety of subpleural lung biopsy
CHEST
Multicentre randomized trial, 2,485 participants. Diagnostic yield: 88.8% versus 78.9% with CT and 76.0% with conventional ultrasound; complications were also lower. - Urine cell-free RNA shows promise for bladder cancer detection and treatment-response prediction
Nature Medicine
Diagnostic biomarker study, 683 urine samples. Localized cancer detection achieved 95% sensitivity at 90% specificity. Prospective clinical-utility validation is needed. - Chronic immune-related toxicity affects nearly half of patients receiving adjuvant anti–PD-1 for melanoma
JAMA Network Open
Multicentre cohort, 303 patients. Chronic adverse events occurred in 48%, supporting continued monitoring after treatment ends. - Major pathological response after neoadjuvant melanoma immunotherapy predicts excellent five-year survival
Nature Medicine
Pooled analysis, 1,038 patients. Five-year survival approached 98–99% among major responders to checkpoint inhibitors. Comparisons between treatment regimens were not randomized. - Tirabrutinib produces responses in relapsed or refractory primary CNS lymphoma
Blood
PROSPECT single-arm phase 2 trial, 48 patients. Overall response 67%; complete response 44%. No control group; one treatment-related fatal infection occurred. - Robotic esophagectomy increases lymph-node yield without an established survival advantage
JAMA Surgery
Randomized trial, 218 patients. Median node yield: 36 versus 32. Complications were similar; one-year survival did not differ. - Facilitated cascade testing increases BRCA testing among at-risk relatives
Journal of Clinical Oncology
Cluster-randomized trial. Six-month testing uptake: 73.2% with navigation versus 50.7% with standard care. - Implanted radiation tiles improve local control after brain-metastasis surgery
Journal of Clinical Oncology
Phase 3 RCT. Better surgical-bed recurrence outcomes than postoperative stereotactic radiation; no established overall-survival benefit. - Multicancer blood testing detected cancer in about 1 in 185 screened adults in PATHFINDER 2.
Nature Medicine
- Atezolizumab did not significantly improve event-free survival in early triple-negative breast cancer.
Nature Medicine
- Five-fraction prostate radiotherapy improved bowel-related quality of life but was not superior for cancer control.
JAMA
- Perioperative enfortumab vedotin–pembrolizumab improved survival over cisplatin–gemcitabine in cisplatin-eligible muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
NEJM
- Adding belzutifan to adjuvant pembrolizumab improved disease-free survival after kidney cancer surgery but increased severe toxicity.
NEJM