Original research
Pediatrics
Original research relevant to this speciality, newest first.
- Combining nutritional supplements with routine immunization increases measles vaccine uptake
Nature Medicine
NutriVax cluster-randomized trial, northern Nigeria. Card-verified first-dose coverage improved by approximately 20 percentage points relative to control over time. - Intranasal BPZE1 induces mucosal pertussis immunity in children without compromising Tdap responses
The Lancet Infectious Diseases
Phase 2b randomized trial, 368 enrolled children aged 6–17. Immunogenicity and tolerability findings support further development; clinical protection was not established. - Low-dose interleukin-2 fails to preserve beta-cell function in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes
The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology
DIABIL-2 randomized trial, 141 participants. Regulatory T cells increased, but the primary C-peptide outcome did not improve. - Lower blood-pressure targets reduce vasopressor exposure in critically ill children
JAMA
RCT, 1,900 children. Vasopressor exposure fell, but the primary outcome combining mortality and ventilation duration did not significantly improve. - Timely hepatitis B birth-dose vaccination was associated with less mother-to-child transmission.
Clinical Infectious Diseases
Ethiopian observational study, 387 infants. Transmission occurred in 0/39 receiving birth-dose vaccination alone versus 20/131 without birth immunoprophylaxis. Small, nonrandomised groups. - A multistrain probiotic was associated with fewer deaths or NEC in very preterm infants.
JAMA Network Open
Swedish cohort, 4,695 infants: adjusted RR 0.28 for death/NEC. Applies to the studied formulation and infants born at 28–31 weeks, not automatically to extremely preterm infants. - Higher maternal egg and peanut intake did not prevent infant egg or peanut allergy.
NEJM
- Nirsevimab was associated with substantially fewer infant RSV hospitalizations.
JAMA Network Open
- Febrile seizures were generally associated with minimal differences in later school performance.
JAMA Network Open
- Starting with 30% oxygen rather than air did not reduce respiratory support in moderately preterm infants.
JAMA
- Intravenous arginine did not shorten sickle-cell pain crises in children and young adults.
JAMA
- Daily zinc reduced infections in a small trial of young children with sickle-cell anaemia.
JAMA
- Oral amoxicillin step-down after clinical improvement was noninferior to continued IV treatment for severe childhood pneumonia without complicating factors.
The Lancet