Original research
Respiratory Medicine and Sleep Medicine
Original research relevant to this speciality, newest first.
- Financial incentives improve smoking cessation among people referred for lung cancer screening
JAMA
Randomized trial. Six-month sustained abstinence was 8.8% with free pharmacotherapy plus incentives versus 4.3% with usual care. - Contrast-enhanced ultrasound improves the yield and safety of subpleural lung biopsy
CHEST
Multicentre randomized trial, 2,485 participants. Diagnostic yield: 88.8% versus 78.9% with CT and 76.0% with conventional ultrasound; complications were also lower. - Pulse corticosteroids show no clear survival advantage in acute exacerbations of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
SAFER randomized trial, 100 patients. No significant 28- or 90-day mortality benefit; estimates were imprecise. Compared two steroid regimens, not steroids against no steroids. - Adding inhaled liposomal amikacin improves culture conversion in newly diagnosed MAC lung disease
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
ENCORE phase 3b trial, 425 patients. Month-13 conversion: 82.4% versus 55.6%. Both groups received azithromycin and ethambutol; the comparator was not a rifampicin-containing triple regimen. - Protection from tuberculosis preventive treatment wanes sooner in high-burden settings.
The Lancet Respiratory Medicine
- RSV vaccination was associated with substantially fewer hospitalizations in older adults.
JAMA Network Open
- Nirsevimab was associated with substantially fewer infant RSV hospitalizations.
JAMA Network Open
- Oveporexton improved wakefulness and reduced cataplexy in narcolepsy type 1.
NEJM
- Tozorakimab reduced COPD exacerbations in two phase 3 trials.
NEJM
- Catheter-directed thrombolysis reduced early deterioration in intermediate-high-risk pulmonary embolism.
NEJM
- Oral amoxicillin step-down after clinical improvement was noninferior to continued IV treatment for severe childhood pneumonia without complicating factors.
The Lancet